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1.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 36(2): e992, abr.-jun. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1149895

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las alteraciones cuantitativas de plaquetas son producidas por el incremento o disminución de los conteos globales de plaquetas. El incremento o trombocitosis se produce por redistribución o aumento de la producción medular; la disminución puede ser el resultado de una reducción de la producción, redistribución o acortamiento de la sobrevida de las plaquetas en circulación. Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos citomorfológicos más importantes en las alteraciones cuantitativas de plaquetas. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura, en inglés y español, en la base de datos PubMed y el motor de búsqueda Google Académico de artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años. Se hizo un análisis y resumen de la bibliografía revisada. Análisis y síntesis de la información: Las alteraciones cuantitativas de plaquetas se caracterizan por variaciones en el número y morfología de estas células. Estas se asocian a causas congénitas o adquiridas, en la que la detallada anamnesis de los pacientes es un elemento importante en el diagnóstico. En la trombocitosis se debe diferenciar una trombocitosis reactiva de una enfermedad medular primaria; mientras que en la trombocitopenia se debe considerar el origen étnico de los pacientes y la morfología de los leucocitos. Son numerosas las causas hereditarias de trombocitopenia con anomalías morfológicas de plaquetas y granulocitos. Conclusiones: Las alteraciones cuantitativas de plaquetas son un amplio número de entidades con semejanzas y diferencias en cuanto a presentación y manifestaciones clínicas. Los exámenes de laboratorio constituyen una herramienta importante en el diagnóstico, pronóstico y el seguimiento de los pacientes afectados(AU)


Introduction: Quantitative platelet alterations are produced by the increase or decrease in global platelet counts. Platelet count increase or thrombocytosis is produced by redistribution or increased marrow production. Platelet decrease may result from production, redistribution, or shortened survival of circulating platelets. Objective: To describe the most significant cytomorphological findings in quantitative platelet alterations. Methods: A literature review was carried out, in English and in Spanish, in the database PubMed and with the search engine of Google Scholar, of articles published in the last ten years. An analysis and summary of the revised bibliography was made. Information analysis and synthesis: Quantitative platelet alterations are characterized by variations in the number and morphology of these cells. These are associated with congenital or acquired causes, in which detailed anamnesis of patients is an important element in the diagnosis. In thrombocytosis, reactive thrombocytosis must be differentiated from primary marrow disease; while in thrombocytopenia, the ethnic origin of the patients and the morphology of the leukocytes must be considered. Hereditary causes of thrombocytopenia with morphological abnormalities of platelets and granulocytes are numerous. Conclusions: Quantitative platelet alterations are a large number of entities with similarities and differences in terms of presentation and clinical manifestations. Laboratory tests are an important tool for diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of affected patients(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Platelet Count/methods , Thrombocytopenia/diagnosis , Thrombocytosis/diagnosis , Cells/cytology , Blood Platelets/pathology
2.
Rev. obstet. ginecol. Venezuela ; 75(3): 187-199, sep. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-783099

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar la eficacia de la citología con la utilización de medio líquido en relación con la convencional, en pacientes que acudieron al Servicio de Ginecología de la Maternidad “Concepción Palacios”. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio prospectivo y comparativo, que incluyó a 177 pacientes a las cuales se les realizó ambas citologías (convencional y líquida). RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 114 muestras con células metaplásicas y de la unión escamo- cilíndrica con la citología convencional y 60 con citología en base líquida (P=0,001). Con la citología en base líquida se encontraron menos casos sin exudado inflamatorio, más con exudado moderado, y se diagnosticaron más casos de infección por virus de papiloma humano. Con la técnica convencional se observaron más casos de vaginosis bacteriana. Los resultados citológicos, en relación con las células epiteliales, fueron similares con ambas técnicas: 171 y 157 negativos, 2 y 8 atipias de células escamosas de significado incierto y 4 y 12 lesiones intraepiteliales de bajo grado, para citología convencional y en base líquida, respectivamente. Hubo 23 falsos negativos y 1 falso positivo con la citología convencional mientras que con la citología en base líquida hubo 18 falsos negativos y 10 falsos positivos. CONCLUSIONES: La sensibilidad, el valor de predicción positivo y el valor de predicción negativo, de la citología procesada según ambas técnicas, fueron similares, la especificidad de la citología convencional fue más alta.


OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of cytology with the use of liquid medium in relation to the conventional, in patients who attended the gynecology service in Maternidad “Concepción Palacios”. METHODS: Carried out a comparative and prospective study that included 177 patients which underwent both PAP (conventional and liquid). RESULTS: 114 samples with metaplastic cells and from the union escamo-cylindrical were obtained with conventional cytology and 60 with liquid-based cytology (P = 0.001). With liquid-based cytology found fewer cases without inflammatory exudate, most with moderate exudate, and more cases of infection were diagnosed by human papillomavirus. With the conventional technique, there were more cases of bacterial vaginosis. The cytologic findings, in relation to the epithelial cells, were similar with both techniques: 171 and 157 negatives, 2 and 8 atypia of squamous cells of uncertain significance and 4 and 12 intraepithelial lesions of low grade, for conventional smear and liquid-based, respectively. There were 23 false negative and false positive 1 with conventional cytology while with liquid-based cytology had 18 false negative and false positive 10. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity, the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of Cytology processed according to both techniques were similar, the specificity of conventional cytology was higher.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biopsy , DNA , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Cells/cytology , Vaginosis, Bacterial , Cell Biology , Papanicolaou Test , Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix , Bacterial Infections
3.
Porto Alegre; Artmed; 3. ed; 2011. 843 p.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-940392
5.
Nova York; John Wiley e Sons Inc; 6th ed; 2010. 732 p.
Monography in English | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-941510
6.
Nova York; John Wiley e Sons Inc; 6th ed; 2010. 732 p.
Monography in English | LILACS | ID: lil-766493
8.
In. Krieger, José Eduardo. Bases moleculares das Doenças Cardiovasculares: a integração entre a pesquisa e a prática clínica. São Paulo, Atheneu, 2008. p.39-46.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-511078
9.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 43(1): 37-43, fev. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-448533

ABSTRACT

Células glandulares atípicas (AGC) em esfregaços cervicovaginais são achados citológicos raros, porém de significado representativo. Sua incidência varia, na literatura, de 0,08 por cento a 0,81 por cento. O sistema Bethesda de 2001 classifica estas lesões glandulares como AGCs sem outras especificações, AGCs provavelmente neoplásicas, adenocarcinoma cervical in situ (AIS) e adenocarcinoma invasivo. Das mulheres portadoras de AGC, grande parte não apresentará qualquer tipo de alteração histológica em avaliação subseqüente. Entretanto, em 17,4 por cento a 62,2 por cento dos casos serão encontradas lesões histológicas significativas, como neoplasias intra-epiteliais cervicais, AIS, neoplasias escamosas e glandulares, cervicais e endometriais, bem como neoplasias de outras localizações. O risco de doença significativa está relacionado à subdivisão de AGC encontrada. Em virtude da elevada probabilidade de anormalidades histológicas significativas em casos de AGC, a simples repetição citológica é insuficiente para o seguimento dessa condição. Esta atualização descreve a epidemiologia, a avaliação e a conduta das pacientes portadoras dessa anormalidade citológica.


Atypical glandular cells (AGC) on cervical smears are unusual but important cytologic diagnosis. The incidence of AGC ranges from 0.08 percent to 0.81 percent of all cervical smears tests. The 2001 Bethesda System nomenclature classifies these glandular lesions as AGC not otherwise specified, AGC favor neoplasia, endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and invasive adenocarcinoma. Of women with AGC smears, a great number will have no histologic abnormalities on further evaluation. However, 17.4 percent to 62.2 percent are found to have significant histologic lesions such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, AIS, squamous and glandular cancers from sites farther the cervix and endometrium. The risk of significant disease is related to the AGC subclassification that was found. Because of the high likelihood that AGC is associated with significant histological disease, simply repeating the cytological smear is not sufficient for the management of this condition. This review describes the epidemiology, evaluation and management of patients with these citologic readings.


Subject(s)
Cytodiagnosis , Cells/cytology , Disease Susceptibility/epidemiology , Vaginal Smears
10.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 23(1): 3-13, jan.-mar. 2006. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-467594

ABSTRACT

Since the first evidence that physiological cell death is a normal feature of cell life, there has been considerable effort in trying to define the mechanisms, regulation and morphology of cell death events. In nearly four decades of investigation, several types of cell death have been described in a wide range of organisms and cells, and this has led to great deal of confusion regarding the morphology and regulation of these processes. Historically, cell death has been characterized as physiological or accidental (necrosis). However, in the past fi ve years, several attempts have been made to define the types of cell death based on mechanistic and morphological criteria. Currently, at least three types of cell death apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis are recognized and share some mechanisms in common. Thus, cell death is more than simply being a caspase-mediated phenomenon. The aim of this review is to discuss recent findings on how cells choose to die in different biological contexts, and to consider the morphological changes associated with each cell type of cell death.


Subject(s)
Animals , Apoptosis , Autophagy , Cells/cytology , Necrosis , Cell Death , Cell Physiological Phenomena , Signal Transduction
11.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 23(1): 75-86, jan.-mar. 2006. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-467601

ABSTRACT

Several pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria can induce or inhibit host cell apoptosis. The modulation of cellular pathways that results in the induction or delay of host cell apoptosis is an important mechanism of bacterial virulence. These processes can be mediated by various host cell signaling pathways that are subverted by the bacteria. Pathogens can activate apoptotic proteins such as caspases, inactivate anti-apoptotic proteins such as NFêB and mitogen-activated protein kinases, or up-regulate the endogenous receptor/ligand system that induces apoptosis, generally when the bacteria are bound to the host cell surface. Bacteria-induced apoptotic or anti-apoptotic processes are often related to the ability of the bacteria to reach the host tissues. However, since apoptosis is also involved in host defense mechanisms against infectious agents, this phenomenon apparently plays a central role in host-pathogen interactions.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Apoptosis Inducing Factor , Bacteria , Bacterial Infections , Cells/cytology , Bacteria/cytology , Virulence
13.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 42(5): 319-326, 2005. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-433200

ABSTRACT

Com o objetivo de estudar o sistema hematopoético do réptil Caiman crocodilus yacare, foram utilizados cinco exemplares hígidos e jovens (aproximadamente um ano de idade), provenientes de São Paulo e de Mato Grosso do Sul. Amostras de sangue periférico foram colhidas em EDTA, através da punção do seio venoso cervical, e da medula óssea por punção aspirativa do osso femural. Estudo histológico da medula óssea femural foi realizado através da coloração por HE, Giemsa e técnica de Gomori para fibras reticulínicas. Os esfregaços de sangue e de medula foram processados para coloração panótica (Leishman ou Rosenfeld). A presença de sítios hematopoéticos ativos foi demonstrada histologicamente nos cortes transversais do fêmur, principalmente no terço distal. As células da linhagem eritrocítica foram encontradas dentro dos vasos capilares sinusóides medulares, na região central do osso. As células precursoras desta linhagem estavam aderidas à parede do vaso, e suas sucessoras distribuídas em direção ao centro do sinusóide à medida que amadureciam. Nos esfregaços de medula, as células imaturas da linhagem eritrocítica mostraram-se arredondadas e com núcleo predominantemente frouxo, em contraposição às células maduras, de núcleo condensado e forma em geral elíptica. Foram vistos pró-eritroblastos, eritroblastos basofílicos, policromáticos e ortocromáticos, e finalmente eritrócitos.


Subject(s)
Edetic Acid/blood , Cells/cytology , Erythrocytes/cytology , Alligators and Crocodiles/anatomy & histology , Bone Marrow/anatomy & histology
14.
New Jersey; Wiley and Sons; 5th ed; 2005. 642 p.
Monography in English | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-940951
15.
Rio de Janeiro; Guanabara Koogan; 2. ed; 2005. 325 p.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-941711
16.
Rio de Janeiro; Guanabara Koogan; 2. ed; 2005. 325 p.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-766686
17.
New Jersey; Wiley and Sons; 5th ed; 2005. 642 p.
Monography in English | LILACS | ID: lil-760615
18.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 21(3): 125-130, Jul.-Sept. 2004. ilus, mapas, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-406366

ABSTRACT

Although the role of many small proteoglycans in regeneration of the nervous system has been established, little is known about the involvement of large proteoglycans. In this study, we evaluated the effects of aggrecan, a high molecular mass proteoglycan, on Schwann cells in vitro and investigated its effects on axonal regeneration after sciatic nerve tubulization. The number of regenerated axons and their morphometrical parameters were determined in vivo. Aggrecan increased the number and viability of Schwann cells in vitro. Similarly, the number of regenerated fibers increased significantly when aggrecan was applied in vivo, but there were no alterations in the morphometrical parameters. These results indicate that aggrecan contributes to the regeneration of peripheral axons and has a positive effect on the Schwann cells.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Cell Culture Techniques , Cells/cytology , Extracellular Matrix , Glycosaminoglycans , In Vitro Techniques , Proteoglycans , Nerve Regeneration/physiology , Schwann Cells , Birds , Rats, Wistar , Wounds and Injuries
19.
Rev. odonto ciênc ; 19(44): 157-163, abr.-jun. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-397032

ABSTRACT

A citopatologia representa um método fácil e possivelmente eficaz no diagnóstivo das alterações iniciais do carcinoma espinocelular. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o grau de ceratinização das células epiteliais da mucosa bucal de fumantes e não-fumantes, assim como quantificar a presença de células binucleadas nestes dois grupos. Foram selecionadas 29 pacientes acima de 30 anos, do sexo masculino com mucosa clinicamente normal no momento do exame, sendo 11 fumantes e 18 não-fumantes. Os esfregaços foram obtidos dos 3 sítios anatômicos eletivos para o carcinoma espinocelular (lábio inferior, borda de língua e assoalho bucal) e corados pela técnica de Papanicolaou Modificado (Kapczinski¹¹, 1997). Avaliaram-se os esfregaços quantitativamente, segundo critérios citológicos de malignidade (teste não paramétrico de Mann Wihitney), e qualitativamente por critérios citológicos de maturação celular (teste não paramétrico de Mann Whitney), e qualitativamente por critério citológicos de malignidade (teste exato de Fisher) conforme a classificação de Papaniclolau 14 (1946). Constatou-se maior percentual de esfregaços classe II de Papanicolau nos 3 sítios anatômicos dos fumantes, sem significância estatística. Com relação às células binucleadas também não se observou diferença significante entre os 2 grupos (teste do qui-quadrado). Os resultados quantitativos demonstraram que, nos esfregaços da borda da língua, as células ceratinizadas com núcleo possuíram uma média superior no grupo controle e que as células anucleadas possuem uma média superior no grupo fumante. Em conclusão fica demonstrado que mucosa da borda da língua sofre maior ceratinização quando exposta ao fumo


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Smoking , Mouth Mucosa , Cells/cytology , Cytological Techniques
20.
São Paulo; Edgard Blücher; 2002. 287 p. ilus.((Série Introdução à Biologia, 3)).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-598084
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